Kinds of drugs
Addictive substances
1 – Downers
Alcohol
Barbiturates – Benzodiazepines
Cannabinoids (banjo, marijuana, hashish)
Opiates (opium, heroin, codeine, sedative drugs)
2- Stimulants (Uppers): Amphetamines (Amphetamines):
Mix – Ephedrine Cocaine – Caffeine
3 – Hallucinogens: Magic mushroom LSD- Parkinol-Ecstasy
4- Organic solvents
1 – Downers
alcohol
its forms:
Alcohol units: – 1 bottle or can beer 4 – 6% alcohol
A third of a bottle of wine 15-25% alcohol
A cup of brandy, rum, cognac, 30-40% alcohol
A cup of whiskey, vodka, gin, 45 – 50% alcohol
(14-21 units per week for men and 7-14 units per week for women) The orange area is considered as no danger to them, provided that it does not exceed 3 units per day.
Methods of administration: drinking
Severity of addiction: medium and slow
Effect: increased feeling of warmth – euphoria – increase in energy – decrease in inhibition afterwards depression – loss of ability to sleep
control
Complications:
Stomach ulcers, cirrhosis of the liver, increased incidence of heart attacks, kidney problems, peripheral neuritis, deterioration in the ability to work, depression
Long term use:
Myths, amnesia, delusions (especially the delusions of betrayal)
Withdrawal symptoms:
Very strong and lasts from one week to 10 days (tremors, convulsions, hallucinations, paradoxes, nervousness, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, strong desire to use)
Blindness (due to adulteration of liquor with red alcohol)
disclosed:
In urine: does not appear
Respiration: 2-4 hours (Nebulizer)
Therapeutic notes:
It is more difficult to treat than heroin and the rate of relapse is higher. It needs a longer period in detox because withdrawal symptoms may be fatal.
sedative drugs
their forms:
There are two types of them: 1- Benzodiazepines, tablets or injections
Such as (small cross rocke 2) Rivotril (large cross rocke 1) Rohipnol – Valium Neoopt – Calmepam – Lexotanil
2 Barbiturates
Seconal: Comital Strawberry –L –
Methods of dealing:
Swallowing, injection, traction
Addiction Severity: Medium
the influence:
Calmness with energy, absence of restraint and loss of control – Improving sexual ability (slightly)
“Abu Saliba responds to a calamity” – heavy on the tongue
Complications:
Drop in blood pressure, drop in pulse, drop in respiration
* Barbiturates: cause forgetfulness that may lead to an overdose
Withdrawal symptoms:
Severe and lasts up to 10 days
Pain, inability to sleep, anxiety, nervousness, delusions, and convulsions
Cannabinoids
Hashish, banjo and marijuana
its forms:
Hashish: a brown substance
Banjo: dry paper
Methods of use: smoking – eating
Severity of addiction: weak
the influence:
Depressant Sedative Disorder in estimating distance and time Slowness in the way of speaking Increased appetite Predominant mood before drug use Red eyes and dry mouth
Complications:
Psychotic reaction Decreased breathing Auditory and visual hallucinations and feelings of persecution Precipitation of mental illness
Withdrawal symptoms:
(Not agreed upon) Tremor in the hands Blood pressure disorder Anxiety Depression
Detected in urine:
3-4 days of occasional use
25-28 days of long use (continuous)
Opiates
1- Opium
Methods of dealing:
Eating: placed under the study, in the coffee, or cooked
Smoking: in the nut
Injection: melt and inject
Burning: injecting and inhaling fumes
Addiction Severity: Medium
Effect: calm – peace – absence of pain – constipation – prevents cough and cold
Complications:
Low blood pressure Decreased pulse Decreased breathing Chronic constipation Decreased sexual ability
In some people, sexual desire increases and decreases in others, and long-term use leads to impotence.
2 heroin
its forms:
Brown or beige powder (to which a lot of adulterants are added, such as: Antoside – Bones – Etherfioform – Baby milk
grit (powder)
Methods of dealing:
Sniffing – pulling – burning – injecting
Smell: Place in thin lines on a soft surface and inhale using a new note or aspirator
Injection: dissolved with water and lemon and injected
Burning: It is placed in foil or on a plate and burned and the fumes are inhaled
Severity of addiction: very severe
the influence:
With the first ingestion, nausea and vomiting may occur
Pain reliever – Sedative – Feeling of safety and reassurance – Absence of anxiety – Dropping – Calm voice – Relaxation of facial muscles
Complications:
Because of the substance, adulteration, injection and tension:
Inflammation at the injection site Temporary or permanent paralysis (due to sensitivity to adulterants) Various types of allergies, the most dangerous of which are in the trachea and brain A clot in the heart or brain (due to fungi) Abscess spread of tuberculosis due to immunodeficiency
Dementia: deterioration of mental powers and weak brain cell activity – tremors – depression – anxiety – personality disorders.
Complications of burns: lung fibrosis, brain fibrosis, quadriplegia, blindness, AIDS, hepatitis, boils and pustules.
Infections of the veins – abscess – gangrene – amputation
Withdrawal symptoms:
Diarrhea, soreness all over the body, inability to sleep and wake up, runny nose, loss of appetite, desire to vomit, tears
yawning scratching shedding
Urine detection: 2-4 days
3 Codeine
its forms:
A white substance that is found as tablets or as an additive to dry cough medicines
(Paracodeine – Tussivan N – Codiphan Codaphine )
Methods of dealing:
Drinking, stretching, injecting
Effects, impairments, withdrawal symptoms, and urine detection: Like heroin, but less
4- Methadone
It is a type of synthetic opiate similar to heroin, but in liquid form, like orange juice
It is used to treat symptoms of heroin withdrawal or as a substitute for it (used by addicts to reduce the dose of heroin)
Withdrawal symptoms:
Stronger than heroin and lasts 3 weeks
Effect: Like heroin but much weaker – no tolerance and no injection
Analgesic drugs
like:
§ Tramadol
§ Nubaine
§ Nopain
§ Morphine
§ Pethidine
Like heroin but weaker
2 Stimulants
1- Amphetamines:
Mix – Ephedrine
its forms:
Tablets or capsules
Mix: liquid in ampoules
Methods of administration: swallowing, stretching, injection
Severity of addiction: severe
Effects: It starts 10-40 minutes after swallowing or stretching and starts immediately after the injection
Vigilance Increased movement Increased self-confidence Excess energy Inability to sleep Loss of appetite A sense of euphoria.
Complications:
Physical and mental exhaustion Depression Anxiety Inability to sleep Dizziness Dizziness High pulse High pressure
Excessive sweating, grandiosity and paranoia precipitating chronic mental illnesses characterized by suspicion and persecution.
Complications due to injections: AIDS, hepatitis, phlebitis, gangrene, amputation
For women: disruption or cessation of the menstrual cycle.
Withdrawal symptoms: severe depression, extreme stress, suicidal ideation
Urine detection:
Mix: 30 days
Ephedrine: does not appear
2 Cocaine:
its forms:
Cocaine Hydrochloride: Cocaine Hcl is white powder that dissolves in water
Crack: Cocaine ban – Crack: white crystals (the size of a pea) that do not dissolve in water
Methods of dealing:
Pulling – injection – smoking (crack)
Severity of addiction: severe
the influence:
It starts after 15-30 minutes and lasts from half an hour to two hours
Euphoria, increased activity, violence, a lot of talking, high sensitivity to stimuli (sound, vision, touch), high temperature, high pulse and breathing.
Complications:
Anxiety Extreme agitation Paranoia Hallucinations Delusions Mood swings Weight loss Lack of sexual desire
And sometimes permanent mental illness
Stretching complications: cold
Withdrawal symptoms:
Most of them are psychological: severe depression, suicidal desire, insomnia, anxiety, anorexia.
Detected: 30 days in urine
3 Hallucinogens
Its most common forms in Egypt:
Akeniton – Cogentol (crickets) Parkinol
Mescaline – LSD – Magic Mushroom
Methods of dealing:
Tablets: swallow, tighten, inject
LSD: fingers – there are discs
Ecstasy: tablets or capsule and sometimes powder
Magic Mushroom: Eaten
Mescaline (mescaline): smokes – tightens (not available in Egypt)
the influence:
Visual and auditory hallucinations (distortion of images as in a crooked mirror) and sensory hallucinations
Abnormal perception of time and an unexpected effect according to the surrounding atmosphere – the personality of the user
Complications:
Psychological diseases – high temperature with (LSD – Ecstasy) leads to dehydration and death
Dry mouth blurred urine Retention Lack of sleep High eye pressure High blood pressure Loss of appetite
Addiction Severity: Medium
Withdrawal symptoms: very weak or none
Detection: It does not appear in the urine
4 Inhalants and organic solvents
Inhalants & Organic Solvents
their forms:
Cigarette lighter gas – Detergents – Paint materials – Paint solvents – Gasoline – Glue (Cole) propellants in all atomizers (hairspray – deodorants – insecticides)
Methods of administration: inhalation
the influence:
Trance Initially tonic Lack of inhibition Reduced anxiety Increased self-confidence After or with large doses Loss of consciousness and concentration Lack of appreciation for distance and time
The effect begins immediately after inhalation and ends after 15-30 minutes
Complications:
Decreased pulse and respiration Headache Nausea slurred speech Lack of muscle coordination Sensitivity around the nose and mouth to inhaled (cola)
Death due to cardiac arrest or suffocation or due to inhibition of the central nervous system – constriction of the throat or heart causes death.
The spray can cause ossification of the throat and then death – pneumonia – forgetfulness – lack of concentration – destruction of the liver, kidneys and marrow.
Types of drugs and ways of taking them
1 – Downers
Alcohol
Barbiturates – Benzodiazepines
Cannabinoids (banjo, marijuana, hashish)
Opiates (opium, heroin, codeine, sedative drugs)
2- Stimulants (Uppers): Amphetamines (Amphetamines):
Mix – Ephedrine Cocaine – Caffeine
3 – Hallucinogens: Magic mushroom LSD- Parkinol-Ecstasy
4- Organic solvents
1 – Downers
alcohol
its forms:
Alcohol units: – 1 bottle or can beer 4 – 6% alcohol
A third of a bottle of wine 15-25% alcohol
A cup of brandy, rum, cognac, 30-40% alcohol
A cup of whiskey, vodka, gin, 45 – 50% alcohol
(14-21 units per week for men and 7-14 units per week for women) The orange area is considered as no danger to them, provided that it does not exceed 3 units per day.
Methods of administration: drinking
Severity of addiction: medium and slow
Effect: increased feeling of warmth – euphoria – increase in energy – decrease in inhibition afterwards depression – loss of ability to sleep
control
Complications:
Stomach ulcers, cirrhosis of the liver, increased incidence of heart attacks, kidney problems, peripheral neuritis, deterioration in the ability to work, depression
Long term use:
Myths, amnesia, delusions (especially the delusions of betrayal)
Withdrawal symptoms:
Very strong and lasts from one week to 10 days (tremors, convulsions, hallucinations, paradoxes, nervousness, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite, strong desire to use)
Blindness (due to adulteration of liquor with red alcohol)
disclosed:
In urine: does not appear
Respiration: 2-4 hours (Nebulizer)
Therapeutic notes:
It is more difficult to treat than heroin and the relapse rate is higher
Needs a longer period in the detox because withdrawal symptoms can be fatal
sedative medications
their forms:
There are two types of them: 1- Benzodiazepines, tablets or injections
Such as (small cross rocke 2) Rivotril (large cross rocke 1) Rohipnol – Valium Neoopt – Calmepam – Lexotanil
2 Barbiturates
Seconal: Comital Strawberry –L –
Methods of dealing:
Swallowing, injection, traction
Addiction Severity: Medium
the influence:
Calmness with energy, absence of restraint and loss of control – Improving sexual ability (slightly)
“Abu Saliba responds to a calamity” – heavy on the tongue
Complications:
Drop in blood pressure, drop in pulse, drop in respiration
* Barbiturates: cause forgetfulness that may lead to an overdose
Withdrawal symptoms:
Severe and lasts up to 10 days
Pain, inability to sleep, anxiety, nervousness, delusions, and convulsions
Cannabinoids
Hashish, banjo and marijuana
its forms:
Hashish: a brown substance
Banjo: dry paper
Methods of use: smoking – eating
Severity of addiction: weak
the influence:
Depressant Sedative Disorder in estimating distance and time Slowness in the way of speaking Increased appetite Predominant mood before drug use Red eyes and dry mouth
Complications:
Psychotic reaction Decreased breathing Auditory and visual hallucinations and feelings of persecution Precipitation of mental illness
Withdrawal symptoms:
(Not agreed upon) Tremor in the hands Blood pressure disorder Anxiety Depression
Detected in urine:
3-4 days of occasional use
25-28 days of long use (continuous)
Opiates
1- Opium
Methods of dealing:
Eating: placed under the study, in the coffee, or cooked
Smoking: in the nut
Injection: melt and inject
Burning: injecting and inhaling fumes
Addiction Severity: Medium
Effect: calm – peace – absence of pain – constipation – prevents cough and cold
Complications:
Low blood pressure Decreased pulse Decreased breathing Chronic constipation Decreased sexual ability
In some people, sexual desire increases and decreases in others, and long-term use leads to impotence.
2 heroin
its forms:
Brown or beige powder (to which a lot of adulterants are added, such as: Antoside – Bones – Etherfioform – Baby milk
grit (powder)
Methods of dealing:
Sniffing – pulling – burning – injecting
Smell: Place in thin lines on a soft surface and inhale using a new note or aspirator
Injection: dissolved with water and lemon and injected
Burning: It is placed in foil or on a plate and burned and the fumes are inhaled
Severity of addiction: very severe
the influence:
With the first ingestion, nausea and vomiting may occur
Pain reliever – Sedative – Feeling of safety and reassurance – Absence of anxiety – Dropping – Calm voice – Relaxation of facial muscles
Complications:
Because of the substance, adulteration, injection and tension:
Inflammation at the injection site Temporary or permanent paralysis (due to sensitivity to adulterants) Various types of allergies, the most dangerous of which are in the trachea and brain A clot in the heart or brain (due to fungi) Abscess spread of tuberculosis due to immunodeficiency
Dementia: deterioration of mental powers and weak brain cell activity – tremors – depression – anxiety – personality disorders.
Complications of burns: lung fibrosis, brain fibrosis, quadriplegia, blindness, AIDS, hepatitis, boils and pustules.
Infections of the veins – abscess – gangrene – amputation
Withdrawal symptoms:
Diarrhea, soreness all over the body, inability to sleep and wake up, runny nose, loss of appetite, desire to vomit, tears
yawning scratching shedding
Urine detection: 2-4 days
3 Codeine
its forms:
A white substance that is found as tablets or as an additive to dry cough medicines
(Paracodeine – Tussivan N – Codiphan Codaphine)
Methods of dealing:
Drinking, stretching, injecting
Effects, impairments, withdrawal symptoms, and urine detection: Like heroin, but less
4- Methadone
It is a type of synthetic opiate similar to heroin, but in liquid form, like orange juice
It is used to treat symptoms of heroin withdrawal or as a substitute for it (used by addicts to reduce the dose of heroin)
Withdrawal symptoms:
Stronger than heroin and lasts 3 weeks
Effect: Like heroin but much weaker – no tolerance and no injection
Analgesic drugs
like:
§ Tramadol
§ Nubaine
§ Nopain
§ Morphine
§ Pethidine
Like heroin but weaker
2 Stimulants
1- Amphetamines:
Mix – Ephedrine
its forms:
Tablets or capsules
Mix: liquid in ampoules
Methods of administration: swallowing, stretching, injection
Severity of addiction: severe
Effects: It starts 10-40 minutes after swallowing or stretching and starts immediately after the injection
Vigilance Increased movement Increased self-confidence Excess energy Inability to sleep Loss of appetite A sense of euphoria.
Complications:
Physical and mental exhaustion Depression Anxiety Inability to sleep Dizziness Dizziness High pulse High pressure
Excessive sweating, grandiosity and paranoia precipitating chronic mental illnesses characterized by suspicion and persecution.
Complications due to injections: AIDS, hepatitis, phlebitis, gangrene, amputation
For women: disruption or cessation of the menstrual cycle.
Withdrawal symptoms: severe depression, extreme stress, suicidal ideation
Urine detection:
Mix: 30 days
Ephedrine: does not appear
2 Cocaine:
its forms:
Cocaine Hydrochloride: Cocaine Hcl is white powder that dissolves in water
Crack: Cocaine ban – Crack: white crystals (the size of a pea) that do not dissolve in water
Methods of dealing:
Pulling – injection – smoking (crack)
Severity of addiction: severe
the influence:
It starts after 15-30 minutes and lasts from half an hour to two hours
Euphoria, increased activity, violence, a lot of talking, high sensitivity to stimuli (sound, vision, touch), high temperature, high pulse and breathing.
Complications:
Anxiety Extreme agitation Paranoia Hallucinations Delusions Mood swings Weight loss Lack of sexual desire
And sometimes permanent mental illness
Stretching complications: cold
Withdrawal symptoms:
Most of them are psychological: severe depression, suicidal desire, insomnia, anxiety, anorexia.
Detected: 30 days in urine
3 Hallucinogens
Its most common forms in Egypt:
Akeniton – Cogentol (crickets) Parkinol
Mescaline – LSD – Magic Mushroom
Methods of dealing:
Tablets: swallow, tighten, inject
LSD: fingers – there are discs
Ecstasy: tablets or capsule and sometimes powder
Magic Mushroom: Eaten
Mescaline (mescaline): smokes – tightens (not available in Egypt)
the influence:
Visual and auditory hallucinations (distortion of images as in a crooked mirror) and sensory hallucinations
Abnormal perception of time and an unexpected effect according to the surrounding atmosphere – the personality of the user
Complications:
Psychological diseases – high temperature with (LSD – Ecstasy) leads to dehydration and death
Dry mouth blurred urine Retention Lack of sleep High eye pressure High blood pressure Loss of appetite
Addiction Severity: Medium
Withdrawal symptoms: very weak or none
Detection: It does not appear in the urine
4 Inhalants and organic solvents
Inhalants & Organic Solvents
their forms:
Cigarette lighter gas – Detergents – Paint materials – Paint solvents – Gasoline – Glue (Cole) propellants in all atomizers (hairspray – deodorants – insecticides)
Methods of administration: inhalation
the influence:
Euphoria Initially tonic Lack of inhibition Decreased anxiety Increased self-confidence After or with large doses unconsciousness occurs
Concentration – a lack of appreciation of distances and time
The effect begins immediately after inhalation and ends after 15-30 minutes
Complications:
Decreased pulse and respiration Headache Nausea slurred speech Lack of muscle coordination Sensitivity around the nose and mouth to inhaled (cola)
Death due to cardiac arrest or suffocation or due to inhibition of the central nervous system – constriction of the throat or heart causes death.
The spray can cause ossification of the throat and then death – pneumonia – forgetfulness – lack of concentration – destruction of the liver, kidneys and marrow.
